Syllabus
week
LECTURES - B81402
PRACTICAL LESSONS
The topics of B81402 are in italics ; The topics of B81134 are in bold 1.
Nervous system. Brain cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
Structure and function of the skin
Microscopy of the nervous system and skin slides: H1,2 and L2,3,4,5,8 2.
Sensory epithelium - structure and function. Sensory organs
Structure of the eye and eyelid. Microscopy: S1,4
Oral cavity and its content. Structural specialization of the oral mucosa. 3.
Introduction to embryology. Fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation. Implantation of the blastocyst;. Ectopic pregnancy
Microscopy of the lip and tongue: B1,3,4
Tonsils - structure and function. Waldeyer´s ring. Microscopy of the palatine and lingual tonsils: B4,5. Taste buds, their distribution, chemical sensation 4.
Development of the yolk sac, amnion, chorion, and embryonic disc
Salivary glands. Serous and mucous cells, duct system. Saliva.
Microscopy of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands: B6,7,8 5.
Formation of germ layers. Development of mesoderm and its differentiation. Development of the notochord.
Teeth and associated structures. Microscopy of teeth slides: B2 6.
Development of the cardiovascular system. Primitive blood circulation. Heart development
Tooth development. Enamel organ, differentiation of odontoblasts. Amelogenesis and dentinogenesis. Development of the tooth root, cementum and periodontal ligament. Microscopy: X5 7.
Aortic arches and their derivatives. Fetal blood circulation, circulatory changes after birth
Tooth eruption. Development of permanent tooth buds. Anomalies of teeth 8.
Development of the digestive system. Development of foregut.
Development of the liver and pancreas
Development of the face. Development of the oral and nasal cavities. Cleft lip, jaw, and palate. Development of the tongue 9.
Development of midgut and hindgut. Fixation of intestines.
Cloaca and its differentiation
Development of primitive pharynx - pharyngeal clefts, pouches, arches. Development of endocrine glands derived from stomodeum and from the primitive pharynx. Birth defects involving the pharyngeal region 10.
Development of the respiratory system. Body cavities, formation of the diaphragm
Development of axial skeleton 11.
Development of the urinary system
Development of muscles and limbs 12.
Development of gonads. Differentiation of the genital ducts in both sexes
Development of body form and umbilical cord. Fetal membranes 13.
Neuroectoderm and its differentiation. Histogenesis of the neural tube. Neural crest and its derivatives
Placenta, structure and function. Anomalies of placenta and umbilical cord
Microscopy : X3,4 14.
Development of spinal cord and brain vesicles.
Critical periods in development
Intrauterine growth. Parturition. Twins and other types of multiple pregnancies 15.
Development of the eye and ear
Credits
Annotation
Introduction to histology and methods of examination of hard tissues. Description of the histological structure of the oral cavity, tongue, gums, the palate and the tonsils. General structure and function of oral salivary glands; clinical significance of the saliva. Structure of the tooth; microscopical structure of the enamel, dentine, cementum and dental pulp. Periodontal apparatus, function and clinical significance. Alveolar bone, clinical aspects of its remodelling.
Stomodeum and the development of the facial region, the oral and nasal cavities, the palate, the maxilla and mandible. Tooth development; deciduous and permanent teeth, eruption. Anomalies of the tooth development. Congenital defects of the orofacial region.