\r\n
1. Molecular genetics
\r\nTypes of mutations (deletion, insertion, duplication, substitution; non-sense/miss-sense mutations, null mutations; frame shift mutations and in frame mutations), mutations in coding and non-coding sequences; Genetic code; Codone; Replication, Transcription, Translation; SNP
\r\n2. Mendelian genetics
\r\nMendel’s laws; P, F1 and F2 generations; Segregation ratios; Genotype; Phenotype Monohybridism and polyhybridism; Codominance, incomplete and complete dominance; Recessiveness; Back cross; Lethal genes; Punnett square; Forked-line method; Imprinting
\r\n7. Gene linkage
\r\nLinkage of genes, Morgan; Gene maps; Segregation ratios; Lod Score; Three-point test cross
\r\n6. Heredity and sex
\r\nX and Y chromosomes; X-inactivation (dose compensation); Sex-linked inheritance (gonosomal dominant and recessive traits); Pseudoautosomal inheritance; Pseudodominance; Hemizygotes; Sex-influenced and sex-limited inheritance; Examples
\r\n5. Gene interactions and Complex inheritance
\r\nBasic types of gene interactions (epistasis, complementarity, gene duplicity/multiplicity…); Polygenic inheritance; Quantitative traits; Heritability; Twins studies; Edwards formula; Relative risk; Heredity and quantitative traits; Selected examples of complex human disorders
\r\n8. Genealogy
\r\nGenealogy schemes (pedigrees) – drawing and analysis; Symbols and rules used; Autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance; X-linked dominant and recessive inheritance; Y-linked inheritance; sex-influenced inheritance; Mitochondrial inheritance; Incomplete penetrance and genetic heterogeneity; Expressivity
\r\n9. Multiple allele
\r\nMultiple alleles; Immunogenetics; Antigen; Antibody; Examples; ABO, H, Se, Rh blood group systems; HLA alleles
\r\n10. Population genetics
\r\nAllele frequencies; Hardy-Weinberg law, and its definition criteria; Gene pool; Panmixia; Linkage disequilibrium; Forces changing allelic frequencies; Genetic drift, selection, migration, new mutations; Heterozygotic advantage; Examples: human monogenic traits/diseases
\r\n12. Genetic prognosis
\r\nGenetic prognosis; Penetrance; Expressivity; Coefficient of kinship; Coefficient of inbreeding; Risk calculation
\r\n13. DNA diagnostics
\r\nDNA denaturation, hybridization; DNA probes; Genetic markers; Direct and indirect DNA-diagnostics; ","inLanguage":"en"}]}