Syllabus
1. Specification of the atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) concept. Theory of viscous flow, Navier-Stokes equations, dynamics similarity criteria.
2. Turbulence, mechanical and thermal sources of turbulence, equations of turbulent flow. Reynold's stresses, closure problem, Prandtl's theory of the mixing length, coefficients of turbulent exchange of momentum, heat and passive scalar. Isotropic and anisotropic turbulence, intensity of turbulence, dynamic (friction) velocity.
3. Theory of the constant flux layer, theory of the spiral layer. Laminar (viscous) sublayer, vertical velocity profiles within the constant flux layer, Taylor (Ekman) spiral and its generalization for real atmosphere.
4. Heat and moisture diffusion in the PBL, courses of temperature and moisture parameters within the PBL, convection, convective and diffusive fluxes, conditions for evaporation within the PBL, radiative processes. Transformation of energy within the PBL, kinetic energy of turbulent flow, Richardson number, Monin-Obukhov length, non-dimensional profiles and the universal function.
5. Basic approaches of turbulence parametrization in the equarions of motion, models of turbulence, DNS, LES, ILES. Function of the wall.
Annotation
Physical processes in the lowermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere affected with the physical properties of this surface. Knowledge gained from lecture on dynamic meteorology is supposed.