	LECTURES	PRACTICAL LESSONS
WEEK	WED 10,30 - 12,00	TUE - FRI: 8,00 - 10,15 / WED 14,00 - 16,15
1.	Cell - morphological and functional unit of the organism. Cell membrane - structure and function. Membrane organelles.	Introduction to cytology and histology. Basic terms. Methods of study of cells and tissues. Histological specimen. Processing of material. Communication with the histopathological lab. Basics of microscopy
2.	Non-membrane organelles. Cytoskeleton. Specialization of the cell surface. Cell junctions. Molecular principle of the molecular motors. Clinical aspect: Mutations of keratins and skin disease.	Principles of staining, histological dyes. Basic and special staining methods. Identification of staining methods on slides. /Set T/.
3.	Nucleus - structure and function. Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis. Cell death - apoptosis. Exocytosis, endocytosis. Cell inclusions (deposits). Clinical aspect: Tumorigenesis.	Basics of histochemistry, immunohistochmistry and electron microscopy. Microscopical analysis of slides demonstrating histological techniques. /Set T/
4.	Tissues - classification, general structure and function. Embryonic origin of tissues - germ layers.	Epithelial tissue 1 - general characteristic, classification, basic types and their morphological properties. Microscopy of epithelial tissue. /Set T/
5.	Connective tissue - general characterization. Extracellular matrix - its synthesis and composition. Cartilage - structure and function Clinical aspect: Wound healing.	Epithelial tissue 2 - functional classification and characteristic, glands - general structure, classification, types of secretion and their cytological features. Microscopy of glands. /Set B1 and H/.
6.	Types of bone tissue, structure and function. Bone histogenesis. Dentin and cementum. Clinical aspect: Bone fracture repair.	Connective tissue. Visualization of connective tissue fibers. Types of connective tissue cells. Types of connective tissue, structure and function. Microscopy of connective tissue. /Set A/.
7.	Muscle tissue. General characterization of smooth and striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac). Intercalated disc structure. Functional morphology of a myofibril. Clinical aspect: Muscle hypertrophy and atrophy	Lamellar and woven bone. Microscopy of hyaline and elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage, lamellar and woven bone. /Set A/.
8.	Nerve tissue. Neuron - structure. Synapse - structure and function. Neuroglia - classification, structure, function. Nerve fibers and their sheets. Initiation, spreading and transmission of a nerve impulse. Clinical aspect: Demyelinating diseases	Muscle tissue. Intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Microscopy of ossification and muscle tissue. /Set A/.
9.	Blood - composition and function of peripheral blood. Blood plasma. Classification and general characteristic of the blood elements. Hematopoiesis - hematopoietic periods, stem and progenitor cells. Regulatory mechanisms of hematopoiesis. Clinical aspect: Anemia.	Neurohistological methods. Types of neurons in CNS and PNS. Structure of the peripheral nerve. Motor end plate, muscle spindle. /Set L/.
10.	CardiovascularsystemI.Heart - endocardium, myocardium, epicardium. Electrical conduction system of the heart - histological structure. Blood vessels - general structure. Types of capillaries, their function. Clinical aspect: Myocardial infarction.	Blood. Formed blood elements. Preparation, staining and evaluation of a blood smear. Leukogram - its significance for diagnosis.
11.	Defense of the organism, basic principles. Lymphatic organs - structure and function. Clinical aspect: Inflammation.	Bone marrow examination. Morphology of cell lineages of blood elements.
12.	GIT 1 - liver and biliary tract - cytology and functional morphology of hepatocyte. Oral cavity. Structure of the tooth. Clinical aspect:Cholelithiasis.	Cardiovascular system. Elastic and muscular arteries. Veins. Microscopy of heart, aorta, neurovascular bundle, inferior vena cava. /Set F/.
13.	GIT 2 - gut tube-general structure. Mucosa of the stomach. Clinical aspects: Peptic ulcer.	Spleen, thymus, lymph node, palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil. Set G
14.	GIT 3 - mucosa of the small intestine, functional morphology of enterocyte. Clinical aspect: Malabsorptive disorder.	GIT1 - Salivary glands and pancreas. Organs of the oral cavity - lip, tongue, tooth.. /Set B1/
15.	Respiratory system. Mucosa of the respiratory airways. Mucociliary complex. Respiratory epithelium and its functional morphology (blood-air barrier). Clinical aspect: Asthma bronchiale.	CREDITS

Teachers : Doc.MUDr. Tomáš Kučera, Ph.D., Doc. MUDr.Marie Jirkovská, CSc., MUDr.Richard Becke, Doc. MUDr.Hana Brichová, CSc., Doc. MUDr.Zuzana Jirsová, CSc