Syllabus – Analytical Chemistry

Types of Analytical reactions

Basic types of analytical reactions. Selectivity and sensitivity of analytical reactions.
Analytical protolytic reactions. Buffers in analytical chemistry. Acids and bases in non-aqueous solvents.
Analytical complex-formation reactions and their equilibrium. Use of complex-formation reactions in analytical chemistry. Masking. Organic complex-formation reagents.
Analytical oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, their equilibrium and kinetics. Catalytic and induced reaction.
Analytical precipitation reactions and their equilibrium. Extraction equilibrium.

Qualitative inorganic analysis

Detection and determination of selected cations and anions. Colour, precipitation and oxido-reduction identification reaction, group, selective and specific reagents.

Evaluation of qualitative analysis of simple inorganic compound.

Analysis of organic compounds

Methods of organic analysis. Elemental analysis: detection of C, H, N, S, O, and halogens in organic compounds. Determination of C, H, N, S, O, and halogens.
Functional analysis: detection of alcohols, phenols, amines, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, sulphonamides, sulphonic acids, hydrocarbons, nitro- and nitroso-compounds.
Identification and determination of hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, amines, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, sulphonamides, sulphonic acids, nitro- and nitroso-compounds. Analysis of organic salts.
Solubility of organic compounds - classification system, structure-solubility relationships and their analytical use.

Direct Methods of quantitative analysis

General procedures in quantitative analysis. Sample pre-treatment. Processing and evaluation of results of quantitative analysis.
Fundamentals and types of gravimetric methods.
Titrimetric (volumetric) analysis; direct titration, indirect titration, back-titration. Concentration of volumetric solutions and their standardisation.

Acidimetry and alkalimetry, acid-base indicators, titration in non-aqueous solvents. Chelatometry, chelatometric indicators. Permanganatometry. Iodimetry. Bromatometry. Dichromatometry. Argentometry. Mercurimetry.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - LABORATORY TRAINING PROGRAMME

1) Safety rules. Techniques of qualitative analytical reactions. Group reactions. Selective and specific reactions.

2) Analysis of solution of unknown composition. Detection of Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Ba²⁺, Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Al³⁺.

3) Analysis of solution of unknown composition. Detection of SO₄^2-, S₂O₃^2-, PO₄^3-, BO₂^-Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, SCN^-, NO₂^-, NO₃^-.

4) Overall qualitative analysis of a simple solid inorganic compound.

5) Introduction to analysis of organic compounds.

6) Qualitative elemental analysis (detection of C, H, N, S, halogens).

7) Characterisation of an unknown organic compound by solubility test.

8) Detection of functional groups: amines, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids. Detection of functional group in an unknown organic sample.

9) Quantitative analysis – titration methods (introductory seminar, calculations).

10) Alkalimetric titrations. Determination of a strong acid in a liquid sample.

11) Chelatometric titrations. Preparation of a standard solution of disodium edetate. Preparation and standardisation of standard solution of zinc sulphate. Determination of Al³⁺in a liquid sample by back-titration.

12) Iodimetric titrations. Preparation and standardisation of standard solution of sodium thiosulphate. Determination of Cu²⁺ in a solid sample.