After a general introduction and presentation of some of the key background philosophical and theological motives of the contemporary astronautics and astronoetics, including the basic summary of the historical development of the „belief“ in E.T.I., the course will introduce and summarize main arguments and authors that helped to implement and elaborate the idea of E.T.I. into and within the modern physics: Kepler, Descartes, More, Newton, Boyle, Bentley, Derham, Wright, Kant or Herschel. Then we will see how the initially secular argument of (possibly) inhabited worlds merged with the natural theology and how such a special perspective of space still influences and motivates the contemporary astronautics and astronoetics, including N.A.S.A., E.S.A. or Elon Musk‘s initiative. The course will also rely on the wide range of images (whether classical, literary or cinematic), showing how the idea utilised the incubator of art and visual culture.