Syllabus – Instrumental methods

Introduction to instrumental methods

Instrumental methods, their advantages, drawbacks, classification of instrumental methods, their application in qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Optical methods

Basic optical methods, interaction of radiation with particulate matter, classification of optical methods, their principles and scope, fundamentals of luminescence analysis, practical use of optical methods.
Spectrophotometry in UV spectral region, types of electron transfer, light absorption of organic compounds, absorption spectrum, absorption band, absorption coefficient, double-beam spectrophotometers, diode-array detector, analytical applications – identification, purity of substances, quantitative assay, calibration curve, analysis of multi-component systems.
Infra-red spectrophotometry, types of vibrations, characteristic vibrations of functional groups, absorption spectrum, absorption bands, instrumentation, measuring techniques, analytical applications – interpretation of IR spectra, identification, purity, structure of organic compounds.
Flame photometry, refractometry, polarimetry, principles, and analytical applications.

Electroanalytical methods

Basic electroanalytical methods, their classification and principles. Potentiometry, principles, instrumentation, selection of electrode system, ion-selective electrodes, potentiometric titrations and their evaluation, analytical applications. Conductimetry, principles, conductimetric titrations and other applications.
Voltammetry and polarography, principles, instrumentation, qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Radioanalytical methods

Basic radioanalytical methods, their classification, principles, applications.

Separation methods

Basic separation methods, classification according to the principle of separation. Chromatographic methods and their classification.
Gas chromatography, instrumentation, analytical applications.
Liquid chromatography in planar and packed-bed arrangement. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC, HPTLC). Paper chromatography. Instrumentation and analytical applications.