1 Introduction; paradigms of media sociology

Recommended readings:
LAZARSFELD, P. (1941) Remarks on Administrative and Critical Communications Research. Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, vol. 9, 9-16.
SCHUDSON, M. (2010) Four Approaches to the Sociology of News Revisited in: Curran, J. ed. Media and Society. (5th ed.). Bloomsbury Academic, 164-185.
SCHUDSON, M. (1978) Discovering the News. Basic Books. (Introduction: The Ideal of Objectivity, pp. 3-11)

Related literature:
GITLIN, T. (1978) "Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm" Theory and Society, vol. 6(2), 205-253.
POTTER, W. J. et al. (1993) "The Three Paradigms of Mass Media Research in Mainstream Communication Journals" Communication Theory, vol. 3(4), 317-335.
SPARKS, G. (1995) "Comments Concerning the Claim That Mass Media Research Is 'Prescientific': A Response to Potter, Cooper, and Dupagne" Communication Theory, vol. 5(3), 273–280.
POTTER, W. J. (1995) "Reply to Sparks's Critique" Communication Theory, vol. 5(3), 280–286.
SPARKS, G. (1995) " A Final Reply to Potter, Cooper, and Dupagne" Communication Theory, vol. 5(3), 286–289.
JENSEN, K. B., NEUMAN, W. R. (2013) "Evolving Paradigms of Communication Research" International Journal of Communication, vol. 7, 230–238.
McQUAIL, D. (2013) "Reflections on Paradigm Change in Communication Theory and Research" International Journal of Communication, vol. 7, 216-229.

2 Media and modernization

Required readings:
SPARKS, C. (2007) Globalization, Development, and the Mass Media. Sage. (Chapter 2: Communicating Modernity, pp. 20-37)
LERNER, Daniel (1963) Toward a Communication Theory of Modernization: A Set of Considerations in: Pye, Lucian W. (ed.) Communications and Political Development. Princeton University Press, 327-350.

Related literature:
SCHRAMM, S. (1964) Mass Media and National Development: The Role of Information in the Developing Countries. Stanford University Press.
LERNER, D. (1958) The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. Free Press.
PYE, L. ed. (1963) Communications and Political Development. Princeton University Press.
MELKOTE, S. (2003) Theories of Development Communication in: Mody, B. (ed.) International Development and Communication: A 21st Century Perspective. Sage, 129-146.

3 Critical political economy

Required readings:
SMYTHE, D. (1981) Dependency Road: Communications, Capitalism, Consciousness, and Canada. Ablex. (Chapter 2: The Audience Commodity and Its Work, pp. 22-51)
HERMAN, E., CHOMSKY, N. (1988) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. Pantheon Books. (Chapter 1: The Propaganda Model, pp. 1-36)

Related literature:
DORFMAN, A., MATTELART, A. (1975). How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney comic. I.G. Editions.
ENZENSBERGER, H. M. (1974) The Consciousness Industry: On Literature, Politics, and the Media. Seabury Press.
HARDY, J. (2010). The Contribution of Critical Political Economy. in: Curran, J. ed. Media and Society. (5th ed.).Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 186-209.
HESMONDHALGH, D. (2010). Media Industry Studies, Media Production Studies, in: Curran, J. ed. Media and Society. (5th ed.).Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 145-163.
RITZER, G. (1993) The McDonaldization of Society. (various editions)
SCHILLER, H. (1991). Not Yet the Post-Imperialist Era. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8(1), 13-28.
SMYTHE, D. (1994) Counterclockwise: Perspectives on Communication. Westview Press. (Chapter 15: Communications: Blindspot of Western Marxism [1977], pp. 266-291)
MURDOCK, G. [1978] Blindspots about Western Marxism: Reply to Dallas Smythe, in Golding, P, Murdock, G. eds. (1997) The Political Economy of the Media. Edward Elgar. Vol. 1, pp. 465-475
SMYTHE, D. [1978] Rejoinder to Graham Murdock, in: Smythe, D. (1994) Counterclockwise, pp. 292-300.

4 Media technologies

Required readings:
DEUZE, M. (2007) Convergence Culture in Creative Industries. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), 243–263
TERRANOVA, T. (2014) Network Culture. Politics for the Information Age. Pluto. (Chapter 3: Free Labour, pp. 73-97)

Related literature:
FUCHS, C. (2008) Internet and Society: Social Theory in the Information Age. Routledge.
INNIS, H. (1950) Empire and Communications. Clarendon Press.
INNIS, H. (1951) The Bias of Communication. University of Toronto Press.
KREISS, D. (2016). Networked Ward Politics: Parties, Databases, and Campaigning in the Information Age. Oxford University Press.
McLUHAN, M. (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. University of Toronto Press.
McLUHAN, M. (1964) Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. McGraw-Hill.
McCHESNEY, R. PICKARD, V. (2011) Will the Last Reporter Please Turn Out the Lights? The Collapse of Journalism and What Can Be Done about It. New Press.
MILLER, T., KRAIDY, M. (2016) Global Media Studies. University of Illinois Press. (Chapter 5: Mobile Telephony, pp. 103-123)
TURKLE, S. (2011) Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other. Basic Books. (Chapter 8: Always On, pp. 151-170)

5 Media culture, mass culture, popular culture

Required readings:
ADORNO, T. (1941) On Popular Music. Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, no. 9, 17-48.
JENKINS, H. (2006) Covergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York University Press. (Introduction: 'Worship at the Altar of Convergence': A New Paradigm for Understanding Media Change, pp. 1-24)
HEBDIGE, D. (1979) Subculture: The Meaning of Style. Routledge. (Chapter 6: Subculture: The Unnatural Break, pp. 90-99)

Related literature:
MILLER, T. (2010) “Film and Society” in Curran, J. ed. Media and Society. (5th ed.).Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 18-37.
WILLIAMS, R. [1958] “Culture Is Ordinary” in: Williams, R. (1989) Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism. Verso, pp. 3-14.

6 Audiences

Required readings:
ANG, I. (1985) Watching Dallas. Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination. Routledge.
BIRD, S. E. (2011). Are we all produsers now? Convergence and media audience practices. Cultural Studies, 25(4-5), 502-516.

Related literature:
HALL, S. ([1973] 1980) 'Encoding/decoding'. in Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (Ed.): Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972-79. Hutchinson, pp. 128-138.
KATZ, E., LIEBES, T. (1990) "Interacting With 'Dallas': Cross Cultural Readings of American TV" Canadian Journal of Communication, vol. 15(1), pp. 45-66.
ANG, I. (1996) Living Room Wars: Rethinking Media Audiences for a Postmodern World. Routledge.
FISKE, J. (1989) Understandnig Popular Culture. Unwin Hyman.
MORLEY, D., BRUNDSON, C. (1999) The Nationwide Television Studies. Routledge. (contains: BRUNSDON, C., MORLEY, D. (1978) Everyday Television – Nationwide. BFI. and: MORLEY, D. (1980) The 'Nationwide' Audience: Structure and Decoding. BFI.)

7 Spectacle

Required readings:
BAUDRILLARD, J (1995) The Gulf War Did Not Take Place. Indiana University Press. (Chapter 3: The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, pp. 61-87)
DEBORD, G. (1995) The Society of the Spectacle. Zone Books. (Chapter 2: The Commodity as Spectacle, pp. 12-15)

Related literature:
BAUDRILLARD, J. (1988) The Ecstasy of Communication. MIT Press.
GITLIN, T. (1980) The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. University of California Press.
KELLER, D. (2002) Media Spectacle. Routledge. (Chapter 1: Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle, pp. 1-33)
LEE, C. C. (2002) Global Media Spectacle: News War over Hong Kong. State University of New York Press.

8 Journalism as a field

Required readings:
BENSON, R. (2002) News Media as a 'Journalistic Field': What Bourdieu Adds to New Institutionalism, and Vice Versa. Political Communication, vol. 23(2), 187-202.
BOURDIEU, P. (2002) On Television. (Chapter 3)
SJØVAAG, H. (2015) Hard News/Soft News: The Hierarchy of Genres and the Boundaries of the Profession in: Carlsson, M., Lewis, S. E. eds. Boundaries of Journalism: Professionalism, Practices and Participation. Taylor and Francis, pp. 101-117.

Related literature:
BENSON, R., NEVEU, E. eds. (2005) Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field. Polity Press.
HESMONDHALGH, D. (2006) Bourdieu, the Media and Cultural Production. Media, Culture & Society, vol. 28(2), 211-231.
MALLIERE, P. (1998) The Rules of the Journalistic Field: Pierre Bourdi