Living matter: general characteristics of life, composition, trophic, cell, the importance of compartmentation, biological membranes.

Biopolymers: general principles of structure, the hierarchy of structures, comparison of individual types, physicochemical properties, biochemical functions, structure-activity relationships.

Proteins: structural types, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, stability and denaturation, physicochemical properties, composite proteins.

Peptides.

Enzymes and biocatalysis: catalysts, classification of enzymes, activity, its influence by external factors, inhibition, measurement of enzyme activity, use in analytics and diagnostics.

Metabolism: general patterns, reversibility and regulation, energy cycle in the biosphere, photosynthesis, metabolism of heterotrophic organisms and man - nutrients and their fate, integration of metabolic processes, the importance of oxygen, macroergic compounds, secondary metabolites.

Mitochondria and cellular respiration: citrate cycle, respiratory chain, ATP formation, reactive oxygen species, alternative ways of nutrient utilization.

Carbohydrates and their metabolism: carbohydrates as a source of energy in food, polysaccharides - cellulose, starch, glycogen, glycolysis, fermentation processes.

Lipids and their metabolism: lipid structure, the importance of fats as storage substances, degradation and biosynthesis. Nitrogen metabolism: amino acids, amines, urea cycle, purine and pyrimidine bases, haem.

Nucleic acids and transfer of genetic information: structure of RNA and DNA, genetic code, replication, transcription, translation, protein folding and chaperones, post-translational modification of proteins.