A) Tropical rain forest

1. History of exploration, formation types, biogeography, climate, soils (brief review of topics).

2. Diversity of species, forms, patterns of diversity, paleohistory of rain forest.

3. Structure and physiognomy of tropical rain forest communities, microclimate, sukcesion (gap phase dynamics), pioneer and klimax species.

4. Phanerophytes - ecology, growth, life histories.

5. Population dynamics and community ecology.

6. Reproduction biology of tropical plants, interactions.

7. Canopy ecology, epiphyte ecology.

8. Conservation.

B) Montane and alpine vegetation

1. Climate, geography.

2. Diversity, plant communities, life forms, history, biogeography.

3. Plant ecology, adaptations.

4. Upper tree line, human impact.