The necessity to distinguish between ontological (cognitive, extralinguistic) content and linguistic (‚literal’) meaning has its sources in European structural linguistics. The present contribution cannot be aimed at the solution of these non-trivial distinctions; we only present some Czech examples as a challenge for consideration, which we believe to be useful for the determination of this boundary.
Despite of these problems, we are convinced that without keeping the distinction between linguistic meaning and cognitive content during the analysis of language data the description of the language system is impossible.