The Si(110)-16x2 surface has a complex reconstruction containing alternating up and down atomic steps with a periodicity of 5 nm. By studying the electronic states around the step edges with STM and by adsrption of water molecules, we are able to propose a model of the step structure.
It requires removal of seven atoms from the stepped 1x1 surface, and simulated STM images from DFT are in excellent agreement with experiment. We also found that water forms a perfectly ordered array on the upper terrace of the stepped reconstruction.