The article presents the most important facts on the development of the mathematical community in Prague in the 1950's and 1960's. The war's damages are remembered and then the post war situation is described.
It is shown the birth of some series published by JČMF and its professional and popularizing activities, as well as the renaissance of Czech universities and high schools, scientific socities, the birth and development of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, etc.