This study makes a part of a collective work that forms a catalogue to the Czech religious art exhibition of the same name from 1870 to 1914 in a series of articles. The study presents the historical context of the era, aiming especially at the condition of the Catholic Church in European and especially Czech society in the 2nd half of the 19th century.
In its second part, the study is concerned with the Provincial Synod at Prague that issued in 1860 obligatory directives for various aspects of life of the Church in the Czech territory. Its primary focus is the regulation of the ecclesiastical art and care of the historical monuments.