Relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or AML initially resistant to treatment is extremely prognostically infavourable. Between VII/2001 and III/2009 in the Czech Republic, twenty patients aged 0-18 years with this diagnosis were treated as part of the international Relapsed AML 2001/01 study.
Treatment in the Relapsed AML 2001 study improved the prognosis of children with relapsed AML in the Czech Republic compared to the previous period 1993-2001.