Abstract
The text deals with the key problems in philosophy of Jaroslava Pešková. We try here to show, how the understanding of human practice in marxist philosophy, as her point of departure, is transformed in phenomenological philosophy.
The dialectical view of negativity is imprisoned in an unquestioned horizon of Reality conceived as the counterpart of Ideality. Phenomenology allowed to some marxist philosophers (such as Karel Kosík, Karel Michňák, Jaroslava a Jiří Peškovi) to see this metaphysical trap, and to evolve new ways to think beyond the structure of self-positing subject.