This book provides a concise overview of the COST Action 729 by offering a summary of the major findings and scientific and policy processes, reports of the national contributions and by providing summaries of the international workshops and conferences on ammonia in the environment, NATURA 2000, Nitrogen and biodiversity and Integrated modelling tools. The books shows how the COST Action 729 has contributed to a large extent to the development of nitrogen science and its (policy) application by the European nitrogen community, together with the ESF-NinE programme and NitroEurope.