The lecture explains, that Franz Kafka, against the background of the equation of language and nation in the 19th century, as a German-speaking assimilated Western Jew in Czech dominated Prague, felt a deficiency concerning this way of thinking, particularly regarding his literary language. Based on error linguistic investigation of Kafka's corrections in his literary works the question is to be answered whether Kafka's self-doubts are to be regarded as a literary stylization or if they have a real linguistic background.