Abstract
In the beginnings of the 20th century two versed orientalists in the most classical sense of the term, Hugo Winckler and Leone Caetani, devised independently from each other a theory stating that the main motive force behind the course of historical events in Arabia and the Middle East region as a whole was continuous desiccation and aridification. This brief study strives to view their theory in the light of the current state of knowledge in the fields of climatology and paleoclimatology so as to pay a compliment to the brightness of their minds which, even though they were nearly entirely wrong in almost every attempt of any specific application, provided us with some very insightful ideas.