Abstract
The text focus on a question of meaning of Alexander the Great's legacy for nowadays inhabitants of Tajik Badachshan. This issue is analyzed mainly within the concept of group identities.
Many inhabitants of Tajik Badachshan consider themselves as the descendants of Alexander's soldiers. Nowadays such an assumption of common historical origin is indicated as one of the sources (besides language and religion) that is used in constructing commonly shared identity, so called Badachshans (or Pamirs).