Beneficial Effect of Plasma Exchange in the Treatment of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A series of Four Cases
Abstract
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, life-threatening disease with a high mortality rate that is linked to drug toxicity. There is a lack of data about the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and treatment options.
The only widely accepted treatment of TEN is withdrawal of the offending drug followed by supportive care. The potential roles of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis (TPE) remain controversial.
Aims: We present four patients with severe TEN (all with >80% involvement of body surface) who were treated with TPE following unsuccessful treatment with corticosteroids/IVIG. Methods: TPE was performed using a COBE Spectra blood cell separator.
ACD-A was used as anticoagulant fluid and the target-washed plasma volume was one body volume. Plasma was replaced by a 5% solution of human albumin + Ringer's lactate.
Results: The mean number of TPE sessions was 5.25 +- 2.22 (range 3-8). Drugs were implicated as an etiologic agent in each case.
TPE led to prompt improvement of acute condition and general health as well as halting of disease progression. Additionally, the restoration of the epithelium began in all four patients.
Conclusion: Plasmapheresis should be considered as an alternative treatment modality for patients with the most severe form of TEN if initial treatment with other agents, including corticosteroids and/or IVIG, fails. Drugs were suspected to be the cause of TEN in all four cases.