Abstract
Over the last twelve years, it has been demonstrated that bismuth electrodes have comparable electroanalytical performance to mercury electrodes in the negative potential range. Since the toxicicty of bismuth is lower than that of mercury, bismuth can serve as an alternative "green" electrodic material to mercury.
However, the great majority of published work at bismuth-based electrodes is concerned with the determination of trace metals by voltammetric techniques with only few applications dealing with the electroanalysis of organic compounds. This work is a review of the field of electroanalysis of organic species at bismuth electrodes.
The review covers the different types of bismuth electrodes used for organic electroanalysis, the various classes of target organic species that are liable to electroanalysis at bismuth electrodes and the electrochemical detection schemes used in conjunction with bismuth-based electrodes.