The Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists is one of the oldest scientific societies in the Czech Republic and also in central Europe. In 2012, it celebrated 150 years of its existence.
The main aim of the Union is to promote development of mathematics and physics in academic institutions and industrial spheres as well as improvement of teaching of these subjects at all types of schools. On the political and historical background, the most important phenomena from its history are presented and its influence on the development of the Czech mathematical and physical community is discussed.