Abstract
The article attempts to broaden our knowledge of the intellectual level of the natural history study, or the disciplines today ranked among sciences, in the Early Modern society of Bohemia. It is based on the up to now little used sources, namely on the manuscript collections of the regional museums in Bohemia, systematically mapped by the Inventory of the 17th and 18th Century Manuscripts from the Museum Collections in Bohemia.
First, the author presents basic types of manuscripts connected to the way of thinking today labelled as natural science, and subsequently he follows the provenance of individual manuscripts. The analysis of the circumstances and background of the origin of individual manuscripts enables him an attempt to sketch which social groups were interested in the study of nature and which European intellectual currents were adopted, or further developed by them.