Sex Steroid Hormones, Hormonal Contraception, and the Immunobiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection

Abstract

This review summarizes current knowledge of the effects of various types of sex steroid hormones on immune processes involved in the biology of HIV-1 infection.

Keywords

• female reproductive-tract
• uterine epithelial-cells
• human vaginal epithelium
• CD4(+) T-cells
• incident HIV-1 infection