Abstract
Hematuria is one of the most common abnormal urinary findings. It is found either isolated or in combination with proteinuria, leucocyturia, bacteriuria or with cylinders.
Macroscopic hematuria has mostly transitional duration, while microscopically demonstrable hematuria occurs intermittently or permanently. Both types may be completely asymptomatic, or are accompanied by subjective difficulties.
Careful differential diagnostics for the reason of hematuria is essential - urinal bleeding may be the first manifestation of so far unrecognized diseases, some of which may be life-threatening or treatable. Search for renal and extrarenal causes of hematuria is based on anamnestic data, clinical examination, laboratory findings and results of imaging examinations of the kidneys and efferent urinary tract.
Mutual cooperation between nephrologists and urologists is essential.