The genetic legacy of polyploid Bolivian Daphnia: the tropical Andes as a source for the North and South American D. pulicaria complex

Abstract

Polyploid, asexually-reproducing populations of the Daphnia pulicaria complex from tropical alpine lakes in Bolivia form tree basal clades to all North American members of the complex.

Keywords

• Andes
• cladocera
• Daphnia pulicaria complex
• phylogeography
• polyploidy
• South America
• mitochondrial DNA variation
• asexual species complex
• glacial refugia