Phytoplankton of a mountain lake (L'adove pleso, the Tatra Mountains, Slovakia): Seasonal development and first indications of a response to decreased acid deposition
Abstract
A one-year study of the phytoplankton of remote mountain lake Ľadové pleso (2057 m. a.s.l.), situated in the High Tatra Mountains, was carried out in 2000-2001. Seasonal development of the species structure and depth distribution of biomass, as well as chlorophyll-a concentrations, and chemical characteristics of the lake water were examined.
The phytoplankton was made up of a low number of nanoplanktonic unicellular species, mainly flagellates from Cryptophyceae and Chrysophyceae. Plagioselmis lacustris, Cryptomonas cf. erosa and Ochromonas spp. were the most important with regards to both abundance and biomass.
The phytoplankton showed a marked seasonal development. During most of the ice-covered period, abundances of phytoplankton remained very low.
In regard to the vertical distribution, both species composition and total biomass were clearly stratified during most sampling dates. The amount of chlorophyll-a per unit biovolume varied considerably, and significantly higher values were found on sampling dates with complete or partial ice cover.
Our data on pH and phytoplankton were compared with a previous study in 1990-1991 in order to evaluate possible changes associated with the decrease of acid deposition. The extent of episodic acidification of the lake water has diminished both in time and space, and lake water pH has slightly increased.
We observed a shift in species composition, and an important increase of total phytoplankton abundance. This could be considered as a first sign of biological response to changing chemical conditions.