Blocked stomodeal valve of the insect vector: similar mechanism of transmission in two trypanosomatid models

Abstract

The stomodeal valve of sand flies and Culex infected by leishmania and trypanosoma was observed. The phenomenon of blocked valve facilitating the regurgitation of paras. into the host may occur generally in trypanosomatids transmitted by the Diptera.

Keywords

• Stomodeal valve
• Midgut
• Sand fly
• Mosquito
• Leishmania
• Trypanosoma