Abstract
Our 200 ns MD simulations show that even fully modified oligonucleotides bearing the 3'-O-P-CH2-O-5' (but not 3'-O-CH2-P-O-5') phosphonate linkages can be successfully attached to the surface of Human RNase H. It enables to explain that oligonucleotides consisting of the alternating 3'-O-P-CH2-O-5' phosphonate and phosphodiester linkages are capable to elicit the RNase H activity (while the 3'-O-CH2-P-O-5' phosphonates are completely inactive).
Stability of the binuclear active site of Human RNase H was achieved using the one-atom model for Mg2+ in conjunction with a polarized phosphate group of the scissile bond, which is wedged between both magnesium ions. The reference MD simulation (lasting for 1000 ns), which was produced using a well-established seven-point (with dummy atoms) model for Mg2+ led to essentially the same results.
The MD run (lasting for 500 ns) produced for the Therms thermophilus Argonaute enzyme shows the transferability of our approach for the stabilization of a binuclear active site. Glu512 was bound in the T. thermophilus Argonaute active site to the 2'-OH of the nucleotide adjacent to the scissile phosphate and one of the two active-site divalent metal ions in exactly the same way as Glu186 in Human RNase H.
Glu512 thus completes the catalytic tetrad of Argonaute.