We recommended to all studied hypertensive children both with primary and renal hypertension that they start nonpharmacologic measures at the time of hypertension diagnosis. It means that all children in our study were, at least since beginning pharmacological therapy, also on nonpharmacologic measures (24 of 38 children started nonpharmacologic measures even before pharmacologic therapy as first-line therapy).
These nonpharmacologic measures included, according the US and European guidelines, (i) reduction of overweight/obesity or maintenance of normal body mass index (BMI) to prevent overweight/obesity; (ii) moderate physical activity; and (iii) dietary sodium restriction.