The chapter is devoted to the promotion of the term 'social question' as an alternative to older terminology which perceived social inequality in different political, economic, cultural and ethical contexts. It analyses the activities of state authorities in the discourse of the social question within the framework of prevention of conflicts, control over the working classes, their disciplining, and repression.
It deals with state protection of the working classes and its specific institutions, entrepreneurs' stances on the resolution of the social question and arising problems, as well as programme documents of the Social Democracy.