Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a frequent finding in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), occurring more often than in children with preterminal chronic kidney disease (CKD). The origin comes from the chronically diseased kidney (see preceding chapter), but additional risk factors may appear in dialyzed and transplanted children, including fluid overload, immunosuppressive drugs, and/or obesity.
HTN is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in children with ESRD. Furthermore, cardiovascular events are the most common cause of death in these patients.
Therefore, the treatment of HTN is one of the most important strategies in dialyzed and transplanted children to improve their survival.