The article deals with changes in the ethnic structure in 13 political units of the North and South Caucasus in the context of consequences of societal processes taking place after the last 1989 Soviet census shown by the outcomes of new censuses held in 1999-2005. The study considers changes in population shares of titular groups, Russians and other ethnic groups, changing urbanization levels and general regional population growth.
There is also made an assessment of substantial changes in the ethnic structure in the 13 territories in connection with political and economical factors that were influencing the post-1989 development of the region and its ethno-territorial entities.