In 1902 in Prague the construction of the "First Czech Childrens Hospital of the emperor and king Franz Josef I"was completed and on February 7 it was opened. At the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of the inaugurationof the hospital this article should remind of the interrelations of the fates of the childrens hospital and thedevelopment of diagnostic imaging of children, the influence of the hospital on child radiology with a reflection onthe development of paediatric disciplines.