Invasive duct carcinoma of the breast: Copy numbers of CCND1 gene and chromosome 11 using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in comparison with the expression of cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor (ERα) detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Abstract

Background. Overexpression of oncogenic proteins may be caused by gene amplifications.

Cyclin D1 participates in regulation of the cell cycle. Relations between cyclin D1 expression and amplification of CCND1 gene encoding this protein in invasive duct breast carcinomas (IDC) are not fully elucidated.

An increased interest is also focused on relations to the estrogen receptor (ER). Methods and Re

Keywords

• Amplification
• CCND1 gene
• Cyclin D1
• Estrogen receptor
• FISH
• Invasive duct carcinoma
• Mammary gland