We show that real-time polymerase chain reaction can detect the majority (40/55; 80%) of patients with homozygous deletion of the p16 gene as well as those with germline p16 configuration. The remaining samples (11/55; 20%) should be interpreted with caution, Patients with p16 deletion show a worse prognosis and TEL/AML1-positive children do not accumulate in any p16-defined group.