Phase III Trial of Cisplatin Plus Gemcitabine With Either Placebo or Bevacizumab As First-Line Therapy for Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: AVAiL
Abstract
Purpose Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, improves survival when combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel for advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This randomized phase III trial investigated the efficacy and safety of cisplatin/gemcitabine (CG) plus bevacizumab in this setting.
Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin 80 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 for up to six cycles plus low-dose bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg), high-dose bevacizumab (15 mg/kg), or placebo every 3 weeks until disease progression. The trial was not powered to compare the two doses directly.
The primary end point was amended from overall survival (OS) to progression-free survival (PFS). Between February 2005 and August 2006, 1,043 patients were randomly assigned (placebo, n = 347; low dose, n = 345; high dose, n = 351).
Results PFS was significantly prolonged; the hazard ratios for PFS were 0.75 (median PFS, 6.7 v 6.1 months for placebo; P = .003) in the low-dose group and 0.82 (median PFS, 6.5 v6.1 months for placebo; P = .03) in the high-dose group compared with placebo. Objective response rates were 20.1%, 34.1%, and 30.4% for placebo, low-dose bevacizumab, and high-dose bevacizumab plus CG, respectively.
Duration of follow-up was not sufficient for OS analysis. Incidence of grade 3 or greater adverse events was similar across arms.
Grade GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO 3 pulmonary hemorrhage rates were LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 1.5% for all arms despite 9% of patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation. Conclusion Combining bevacizumab (7.5 or 15 mg/kg) with CG significantly improved PFS and objective response rate.
Bevacizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy offers clinical benefit for bevacizumab-eligible patients with advanced NSCLC.