Influenza is one of the groups of infections, which cause substantial morbidity and mortality and remains a serious respiratory disease. The unpredictable variability of influenza A viruses, which cause annual epidemics, is the main reason for developing new trends in influenza vaccine production (universal influenza vaccine, virus-like particles, recombinant protein and/or peptide vaccines, DNA vaccine) Annual vaccination by some type of authorised inactivated vaccine represents a basic tool in specific influenza prevention in the Czech Republic.