Schwann cells, the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous tissue, have a crucial role not only during development but also in regeneration of neurite processes. These cells provide a suitable condition for stimulation of axonal regrowth and renewal of the myelin sheath.
An understanding of Schwann cell involvement in axonal regeneration may help to improve functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage and may also assist in the development of methods producing an environment supporting the regrowth of axons in the central nervous system.