Sterility in gynecology means the inability to conceive. On the other hand, there is the concept of sterilization, which has more diverse meanings, but in gynecology we usually imagine the voluntary impossibility of pregnancy.
Both sterility and sterilization are associated with some medical problems, usually conflicting. "Constructive" treatment, which is the treatment of sterility, is only slightly higher than 30% successful, while "destructive" treatment, i.e. sterilization, is expected to be 100% effective.