Urban trench fever caused by Bartonella quintana has been reported in persons who abuse alcohol and in homeless persons in large cities worldwide. Symptoms vary from asymptomatic intermittent bacteremia to serious complications.
Pediculus humanus lice, the known vector of the infection, are not always identified, which raises the possibility that other vectors might also be involved. We report on an outbreak of B. quintana infection among a young family of high socioeconomic status and their visiting relatives.