Odontomachus paleomyagra sp. nov. is described from the Early Miocene of the Most Basin (Czech Republic) on the basis of a single-winged female, representing one of the rare reports of fossil Odontomachini. The new species is separated easily from other trap-jaw ant species groups by differences in mandibular morphology (without denticles on the inner side) and distributional occurrence.
The evolutionary and biogeographic history of the Odontomachini is briefly discussed.