Abstract
The data from the countries of the industrialized world, and from the third world, reveal that a growing proportion of children and adults are overweight or frankly obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity varies according to age, gender, race and socioeconomic classes.
Body weight is a function of energy and nutrient balance over an extended period of time. Energy balance is determined by macronutrient intake, energy expenditure, and energy nutrient partitioning.
Positive energy balance over weeks and months will result in weight gain while negative energy balance will have the opposite effect. The obesity management is strongly dependent on the methods that may be used for detection of early overweight or obesity management.
On the background of data from our and European evaluations follows that the total energy intake during the last decades is constant and/or slightly decreased, but in the same time significantly decreased the energy output, mainly realized in the form of movement activities, and in the change of their life style. The problem of overweight or obesity management is not the medical problem but the problem of education and is based on an increase of realized movement activities.
In children younger than 10 years we found about 7.7hours.week-1 and in older 2.1hours.week-1 all including the school physical education. In the Czech children in age ranged from 6 to 14 years (3436 boys and 2349 girls) we found in group of younger than 10 years about 19% with overweight and about 10% of obese of the same age.
In paper are presented the Tables for classification of overweight and obesity according to BMI and direct measurement of body composition. We may conclude that the background of overweight and obesity management in children is the change of their life style with help of realized movement activities increase.