The article presents a biography and scientific contribution of the philologist Maximilian Adler, working in Czechoslovakia (September 21, 1884 České Budějovice/Budweis, Bohemia - after October 16, 1944 Oświeçim/Auschwitz, currently Poland). The monograph includes the biographies and scientific contributions of 46 scholars of Jewish origin from Bohemia and Moravia, who became victims of the Nazi regime in 1938/39-45.