Abstract
This chapter discusses toxiciology of various substances such as alcohols, illegal drugs, narcotics, toxic chemical elements and their ions, and pesticides and insecticides. Some pharmacokinetic parameters for sedative-hypnotics are given in the chapter.
Acute or chronic poisonings caused by some gases or solvents occur with various incidences worldwide and can be associated with environmental or occupational pollution, or industrial accidents. They can cause serious intoxications in the criminal or suicidal context, and they can be misused by mistake.
Those substances likely to be seen in forensic toxicology are discussed in the chapter. The chapter also discusses natural toxins that originate from plants and mushrooms.
Specific requirements distinct to toxicology, forensics or doping controls are present, and selected aspects peculiar to sports drug testing are outlined and discussed in the chapter.