The study explores manifest intertextuality, i.e., (free) direct speech in academic discourse. The corpus includes the samples by native professional linguists, non-native (Czech) professional linguists and non-native novices, i.e., Czech undergraduates.
The study introduces a scale of framing structures, ranging from reporting clauses to semantically ericher and syntactically more self-contained ones. It offers a comprehensive analysis of these reporting frames and related structures, examining their range, positions, the subjects featured, the word order, the types of verbs, etc.