The aim of the article is to show the high learning value offered by interdisciplinary research of the Ore Mountains in the Central European historical context. Interest is focused on the (1) basic overview of three main approaches to the study of the Central European mountainous areas and their population, (2) a brief account of the research and the knowledge so far for the Bohemian Ore Mountains and (3) the conception of the currently ongoing research project in the Ore Mountains, which is being jointly implemented by the Department of Archaeology of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University and the Institute for Archaeological Monument Care of Nort-Western Bohemia in Most.