Translations and adaptations of ancient Chinese poetry by a Czech poet and translator Bohumil Mathesius, partly in collaboration with Jaroslav Průšek, created an ideal world corresponding to the aspirations of Czech intellectuals and general readers alinke during 1930s and 1940s. The article demonstrates how the idealized image of China, conditioned largerly by the tragic experience of WW 2, participated in the rise of Czechoslovak sinology, including the position of Jaroslav Průšek in this process.