Two anadromous species of lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis and Petromyzon marinus), a parasitic potamodromous (Eudontomyzon danfordi) and three potamodromous non-parasitic species (Lampetra planeri, Eudontomyzon mariae and Eudontomyzon vladykovi) recorded in the Central Europe are described in detail (with respect of their taxonomy, occurrence, biology and protection)